Tuesday, 20 October 2015

BGP soft reset

Table of Contents

BGP Soft Reset Enhancement
 Feature Overview
 Managing Routing Policy Changes
 Benefits
 Restrictions
 Related Documents
 Supported Platforms
 Supported Standards, MIBs, and RFCs
 Prerequisites
 Configuration Tasks
 Configuring BGP Soft Reset
 Verifying BGP Soft Reset
 Configuration Examples
 Dynamic Inbound Soft Reset
 Inbound Soft Reset Using Stored Information
 Command Reference
 clear ip bgp
 show ip bgp neighbors

BGP Soft Reset Enhancement

This feature module describes the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Soft Reset Enhancement feature. It includes information on the benefits of the new feature, supported platforms, related documents, and so forth.
This document includes the following sections:

Feature Overview

Routing policies for a peer include all the configurations such as route-map, distribute-list, prefix-list, and filter-list that may impact inbound or outbound routing table updates. Whenever there is a change in the routing policy, the BGP session must be cleared, or reset, for the new policy to take effect. There are two types of reset, hard reset and soft reset.
Clearing a BGP session using a hard reset invalidates the cache and results in a negative impact on the operation of networks as the information in the cache becomes unavailable.
Soft reset is recommended because it allows routing tables to be reconfigured and activated without clearing the BGP session. Soft reset is done on a per-neighbor basis. There are two types of soft reset:
  • When soft reset is used to generate inbound updates from a neighbor, it is called dynamic inbound soft reset.
  • When soft reset is used to send a new set of updates to a neighbor, it is called outbound soft reset.
Previously, in order to perform a soft reset for inbound routing table updates, the neighbor soft-reconfiguration command directed the Cisco IOS software in the local BGP router to store all received (inbound) routing policy updates without modification. This method is memory-intensive and not recommended unless absolutely necessary. (Outbound updates have never required the extra memory and are not affected by this feature.)
With this software release, the BGP Soft Reset Enhancement feature provides automatic support for dynamic soft reset of inbound BGP routing table updates that is not dependent upon stored routing table update information. The new method requires no preconfiguration (as with the neighbor soft-reconfiguration command) and requires much less memory than the previous soft reset method for inbound routing table updates.

Managing Routing Policy Changes

When the routing policy of a BGP neighbor changes, the session must be reset (cleared) for the changes to take effect. Because resetting a BGP session can be disruptive to networks, a soft reset method is recommended for reconfiguring the routing table.
Previously, in order to reconfigure the inbound routing table, both the local BGP router and the BGP peer first needed to be configured to store incoming routing policy updates using the neighbor soft-reconfiguration command. Additional resources, particularly memory, were required to store the inbound routing table updates. The clear ip bgp command could then initiate the soft reset, which generated a new set of inbound routing table updates using the stored information.
This feature provides an additional method for soft reset that allows the dynamic exchange of route refresh requests and routing information between BGP routers, and the subsequent re-advertisement of the respective outbound routing table. Soft reset using the route refresh capability does not require preconfiguration and consumes no additional memory resources.
To use this new method, both BGP peers must support the soft route refresh capability, which is advertised in the OPEN message sent when a peer sends its routing table update. Any router running BGP with this software release automatically supports the route refresh capability. Routers running previous Cisco IOS software releases do not support the route refresh capability and must use the older soft reset method.
If the soft reset fails, you can still clear the BGP session, but it will have a negative impact upon network operations and should only be used as a last resort.
Note      Outbound resets have never required preconfiguration or storing of routing table updates, and remain unchanged by the BGP Soft Reset Enhancement. The procedure for an outbound reset is described in the section "Reset BGP Connections" in the Cisco IOS Release 12.0 Network Protocols Configuration Guide, Part 1.

Benefits

Allows Dynamic Route Refresh Requests
This feature provides a way to initiate nondisruptive routing policy changes by allowing the dynamic exchange of route refresh requests between BGP routers, and the subsequent re-advertisement of the respective outbound routing tables.
Requires No Preconfiguration
Because support for the soft reset using the route refresh capability is included in this release of the Cisco IOS software, no further router configuration is required. You can initiate a soft inbound reset using only the clear ip bgp in command.
Requires No Additional Memory Resources
Unlike a soft reset using the stored inbound routing table updates provided by the neighbor soft-reconfiguration command, when both BGP peers support the route refresh capability inbound routing table updates are not stored in the local BGP router. The soft reset requests are exchanged dynamically, and no additional memory is required.
Flexibility
There are now two available methods for inbound soft reset; the older method using stored inbound routing table updates, and the method provided by this feature using dynamic exchange of update information.

Restrictions

Route Refresh Support for BGP Peers
BGP peers must support the route refresh capability to use dynamic inbound soft reset capability. If a peer does not support the route refresh capability, then the only soft reconfiguration option is to use the neighbor soft-reconfiguration command, which initiates the storage of inbound routing table updates and requires additional memory.
Dynamic and Stored Inbound Soft Reset Functions are Mutually Exclusive
The dynamic inbound soft reset and inbound soft reset using stored information functions are mutually exclusive and cannot be configured together. If the inbound soft reset using stored routing table updates is configured for a neighbor, the dynamic inbound soft update method cannot be used.

Related Documents

  • Network Protocols Configuration Guide, Part 1, Cisco IOS Release 12.0
  • Network Protocols Command Reference, Part 1, Cisco IOS Release 12.0

Supported Platforms

  • Cisco 1003
  • Cisco 1004
  • Cisco 1005
  • Cisco 1600 series
  • Cisco 2500 series
  • Cisco 3600 series
  • Cisco 3800 series
  • Cisco 4000 series (Cisco 4000, 4000-M, 4500, 4500-M, 4700, 4700-M)
  • Cisco 5200 series
  • Cisco 7000 series
  • Cisco 7200 series
  • Cisco 7500 series

Supported Standards, MIBs, and RFCs

Standards
  • draft-chen-bgp-route-refresh-01.txt, IETF Internet Standards, August, 1995
MIB
No new or modified MIBs are supported by this feature.
RFCs
No new or modified RFCs are supported by this feature.

Prerequisites

Both BGP peers must support the soft reset route refresh capability, first included in this software release. If one router does not, then the only soft reconfiguration option is to use the neighbor soft-reconfiguration command, which initiates storage of inbound routing table updates and requires additional memory, followed by the clear ip bgp in command.

Configuration Tasks

See the following "Configuring BGP Soft Reset" section for configuration tasks for the BGP Soft Reset Enhancement feature. This task is required.

Configuring BGP Soft Reset

Whenever there is a change in the routing policy, the BGP session must be reset (cleared) for the new policy to take effect and the routing table to be reconfigured. Using a hard reset to clear a BGP session causes cache invalidation and results in a negative impact on network operation.
Soft reset is recommended because it allows routing table policies to be reconfigured and activated without clearing the BGP session. Soft reset is done on a per-neighbor basis. Soft resets can be inbound or outbound:
  • When soft reset is used to generate inbound updates from a neighbor, it is called dynamic inbound soft reset.
There are two ways to perform an inbound soft reset: dynamically, and using stored routing update information.
  • When soft reset is used to send a new set of updates to a neighbor, it is called outbound soft reset.
There is only one way to perform an outbound soft reset.
Note      The dynamic inbound soft reset and inbound soft reset using stored information functions are mutually exclusive and cannot be configured together. If the inbound soft reset using stored routing table updates is configured for a neighbor, the dynamic inbound soft update method cannot be used.

Configuring BGP Dynamic Inbound Soft Reset

If both the local BGP router and the neighbor router support the route refresh capability, you can perform a dynamic soft inbound reset. This type of reset has the following advantages over a soft inbound reset using stored routing update information:
  • Does not require preconfiguration
  • Does not require additional memory for storing routing update information
To determine whether a router supports the route refresh capability, use the show ip bgp neighbors command.
Command Purpose
Router# show ip bgp neighbors [ip-address]
Shows whether a neighbor supports the route refresh capability.
If the specified router supports the route refresh capability, the following message is displayed:
Received route refresh capability from peer.
If all the BGP routers support the route refresh capability, you can use the dynamic soft reset method for resetting the inbound routing table.
Command Purpose
Router# clear ip bgp {* | address | peer-group-name} soft in
Performs a dynamic soft reset on the connection specified in the command.

Configuring BGP Outbound Soft Reset

Outbound soft resets do not require any preconfiguration. Using the keyword soft specifies that a soft reset be performed.
Command Purpose
clear ip bgp {* | address | peer-group-name} soft out
Performs a soft reset on the connection specified in the command.

Configuring BGP Soft Reset Using Stored Routing Policy Information

If all of the BGP routers in the connection do not support the route refresh capability, use the soft reset method that generates a new set of inbound routing table updates from information previously stored. To initiate storage of inbound routing table updates, you must first preconfigure the router using the neighbor soft-reconfiguration command.
Keep in mind that the memory requirements for storing the inbound update information can become quite large.
Command Purpose
Router config# neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} soft-reconfiguration inbound
Initiates storage of inbound routing table updates from the specified neighbor or peer group.
Once you have initiated storage of inbound routing table updates for a specific neighbor or peer group, you can perform a soft inbound reset for that neighbor or peer group.
Command Purpose
Router config# clear ip bgp {* | address | peer-group-name} soft in
Performs a soft reset on the connection specified in the command.

Verifying BGP Soft Reset

Enter the show ip bgp neighbors command to display information about the BGP and TCP connections to neighbors and verify the status and configuration of the BGP soft reset feature. The following sample output shows that a soft reset has been configured for neighbor 10.4.9.8:
Router# show ip bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 10.4.9.8, remote AS 101, internal link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.4.9.8
BGP state = Established, up for 00:03:50
Last read 00:00:50, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Received 7 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Sent 7 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 5 seconds
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version 1, neighbor version 1
Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2
Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0
0 accepted prefixes consume 0 bytes
Prefix advertised 0, suppressed 0, withdrawn 0
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 0, min 0
Connections established 1; dropped 0
Last reset never
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0
Local host: 10.4.9.21, Local port: 179
Foreign host: 10.4.9.8, Foreign port: 11004
Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes)
Event Timers (current time is 0x134F4D2B4):
Timer Starts Wakeups Next
Retrans 8 0 0x0
TimeWait 0 0 0x0
AckHold 7 3 0x0
SendWnd 0 0 0x0
KeepAlive 0 0 0x0
GiveUp 0 0 0x0
PmtuAger 0 0 0x0
DeadWait 0 0 0x0
iss: 4229692689 snduna: 4229692849 sndnxt: 4229692849 sndwnd: 16225
irs: 339739239 rcvnxt: 339739399 rcvwnd: 16225 delrcvwnd: 159
SRTT: 540 ms, RTTO: 3809 ms, RTV: 1364 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 0 ms, maxRTT: 300 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms
Flags: passive open, nagle, gen tcbs
Datagrams (max data segment is 1460 bytes):
Rcvd: 10 (out of order: 0), with data: 7, total data bytes: 159
Sent: 11 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0), with data: 7, total data bytes: 159

Configuration Examples

This section provides the following configuration examples:

Dynamic Inbound Soft Reset

The following examples shows the clear ip bgp 131.108.1.1 soft in command used to initiate a dynamic soft reconfiguration in the BGP peer 131.108.1.1. This command requires that the peer supports the route refresh capability.
Router# clear ip bgp 131.108.1.1 soft in

Inbound Soft Reset Using Stored Information

The following example enables inbound soft reconfiguration for the neighbor 131.108.1.1. All the updates received from this neighbor will be stored unmodified, regardless of the inbound policy. When inbound soft reconfiguration is performed later, the stored information will be used to generate a new set of inbound updates.
router bgp 100
 neighbor 131.108.1.1 remote-as 200
 neighbor 131.108.1.1 soft-reconfiguration inbound
The following example clears the session with the neighbor 131.108.1.1.
clear ip bgp 131.108.1.1 soft in

Command Reference

This section documents new or modified commands. All other commands used with this feature are documented in the Cisco IOS Release 12.0 command reference publications.
In Cisco IOS Release 12.0(1)T or later, you can search and filter the output for show and more commands. This functionality is useful when you need to sort through large amounts of output, or if you want to exclude output that you do not need to see.
To use this functionality, enter a show or more command followed by the "pipe" character (|), one of the keywords begin, include, or exclude, and an expression that you want to search or filter on:
command | {begin | include | exclude} regular-expression
Following is an example of the show atm vc command in which you want the command output to begin with the first line where the expression "PeakRate" appears:
show atm vc | begin PeakRate
For more information on the search and filter functionality, refer to the Cisco IOS Release 12.0(1)T feature module titled CLI String Search.

clear ip bgp

To reset a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) connection or session, use the clear ip bgp EXEC command.
clear ip bgp {* | address | peer-group-name} [soft [in | out]]

Syntax Description

*
Resets all current BGP sessions.
address
Resets only the identified BGP neighbor.
peer-group-name
Resets the specified BGP peer group.
soft
(Optional) Soft reset. Does not reset the session.
in | out
(Optional) Triggers inbound or outbound soft reset. If the in or out option is not specified, both inbound and outbound soft reset are triggered.

Defaults

No default behavior or values.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification
10.0
This command was introduced.
12.0(6)T
The dynamic inbound soft reset capability was added.

Usage Guidelines

You can reset inbound routing table updates dynamically or by generating new updates using stored update information. Using stored update information requires additional memory for storing the updates.
To reset inbound routing table updates dynamically, all BGP routers must support the route refresh capability. To determine whether a BGP router supports this capability, use the show ip bgp neighbors command. If a router supports the route refresh capability, the following message is displayed:
Received route refresh capability from peer.
If all BGP routers support the route refresh capability, use the clear ip bgp {* | address | peer-group name} in command. You need not use the soft keyword, because soft reset is automatically assumed when the route refresh capability is supported.
To generate new inbound updates from stored update information (rather than dynamically), without resetting the BGP session, you must first preconfigure the local BGP router using the neighbor soft-reconfiguration command. This preconfiguration causes the software to store all received updates without modification regardless of whether an update is accepted by the inbound policy. Storing updates is memory intensive and should be avoided if possible.
Outbound BGP soft configuration has no memory overhead and does not require any preconfiguration. You can trigger an outbound reconfiguration on the other side of the BGP session to make the new inbound policy take effect.
Use this command whenever any of the following changes occur:
  • Additions or changes to the BGP-related access lists
  • Changes to BGP-related weights
  • Changes to BGP-related distribution lists
  • Changes in the specifications of the BGP timer
  • Changes to the BGP administrative distance
  • Changes to BGP-related route maps

Examples

The following example clears all entries from the host name-and-address cache (hard reset):
clear host *
The following example clears the inbound session with the neighbor 131.108.1.1 without resetting the session:
clear ip bgp 131.108.1.1 soft in
The following example clears the outbound session with the peer-group corp without resetting the session:
clear ip bgp corp soft out

Related Commands

Command Description
neighbor soft-reconfiguration
Configures the Cisco IOS software to start storing inbound routing table updates.
show ip bgp
Displays entries in the BGP routing table.

show ip bgp neighbors

To display information about the TCP and BGP connections to neighbors, use the show ip bgp neighbors EXEC command.
show ip bgp neighbors [neighbor-address] [received-routes | routes | advertised-routes | {paths regexp} | dampened-routes]

Syntax Description

neighbor-address
(Optional) Address of the neighbor whose routes you have learned from. If you omit this argument, all neighbors are displayed.
received-routes
(Optional) Displays all received routes (both accepted and rejected) from the specified neighbor.
routes
(Optional) Displays all routes that are received and accepted. This is a subset of the output from the received-routes keyword.
advertised-routes
(Optional) Displays all the routes the router has advertised to the neighbor.
paths regexp
(Optional) Regular expression that is used to match the paths received.
dampened-routes
(Optional) Displays the dampened routes to the neighbor at the IP address specified.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification
10.0
This command was introduced.
11.2
The received-routes keyword was added.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip bgp neighbors command in privileged EXEC mode:
Router# show ip bgp neighbors 172.16.232.178
BGP neighbor is 172.16.232.178, remote AS 35, external link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.3.3
BGP state = Established, up for 1w1d
Last read 00:00:53, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Address family IPv4 Multicast: advertised and received
Received 12519 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Sent 12523 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0
Minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version 5, neighbor version 5
Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2
Community attribute sent to this neighbor
Inbound path policy configured
Outbound path policy configured
Route map for incoming advertisements is uni-in
Route map for outgoing advertisements is uni-out
3 accepted prefixes consume 108 bytes
Prefix advertised 6, suppressed 0, withdrawn 0
For address family: IPv4 Multicast
BGP table version 5, neighbor version 5
Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2
Inbound path policy configured
Outbound path policy configured
Route map for incoming advertisements is mul-in
Route map for outgoing advertisements is mul-out
3 accepted prefixes consume 108 bytes
Prefix advertised 6, suppressed 0, withdrawn 0
Connections established 2; dropped 1
Last reset 1w1d, due to Peer closed the session
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0
Local host: 172.16.232.178, Local port: 179
Foreign host: 172.16.232.179, Foreign port: 11002
Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes)
Event Timers (current time is 0x2CF49CF8):
Timer Starts Wakeups Next
Retrans 12518 0 0x0
TimeWait 0 0 0x0
AckHold 12514 12281 0x0
SendWnd 0 0 0x0
KeepAlive 0 0 0x0
GiveUp 0 0 0x0
PmtuAger 0 0 0x0
DeadWait 0 0 0x0
iss: 273358651 snduna: 273596614 sndnxt: 273596614 sndwnd: 15434
irs: 190480283 rcvnxt: 190718186 rcvwnd: 15491 delrcvwnd: 893
SRTT: 300 ms, RTTO: 607 ms, RTV: 3 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 0 ms, maxRTT: 300 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms
Flags: passive open, nagle, gen tcbs
Datagrams (max data segment is 1460 bytes):
Rcvd: 24889 (out of order: 0), with data: 12515, total data bytes: 237921
Sent: 24963 (retransmit: 0), with data: 12518, total data bytes: 237981
Table 1 describes the significant fields shown in the display.

Table 1   show ip bgp neighbors Field Descriptions

Field Description
BGP neighbor
IP address of the BGP neighbor and its autonomous system number. If the neighbor is in the same autonomous system as the router, then the link between them is internal; otherwise, it is considered external.
remote AS
Autonomous system of the neighbor.
external link
Indicates that this peer is an external BGP (eBGP) peer.
BGP version
BGP version being used to communicate with the remote router; the router ID (an IP address) of the neighbor is also specified.
remote router ID
IP address of the neighbor.
BGP state
Internal state of this BGP connection.
up for
Amount of time that the underlying TCP connection has been in existence.
Last read
Time that BGP last read a message from this neighbor.
hold time
Maximum amount of time that can elapse between messages from the peer.
keepalive interval
Time period between sending keepalive packets, which help ensure that the TCP connection is up.
Neighbor capabilities
BGP capabilities advertised and received from this neighbor.
Route refresh
Indicates that the neighbor supports dynamic soft reset using the route refresh capability.
Address family IP Version 4 Unicast:
IP Version 4 unicast-specific properties of this neighbor.
Address family IP Version 4 Multicast:
IP Version 4 multicast-specific properties of this neighbor.
Received
Number of total BGP messages received from this peer, including keepalives.
notifications
Number of error messages received from the peer.
Sent
Total number of BGP messages that have been sent to this peer, including keepalives.
notifications
Number of error messages the router has sent to this peer.
Route refresh request:
Number of route refresh requests sent and received from this neighbor.
advertisement runs
Value of minimum advertisement interval.
For address family:
Address family to which the following fields refer.
BGP table version
Indicates that the neighbor has been updated with this version of the primary BGP routing table.
neighbor version
Number used by the software to track the prefixes that have been sent and those that must be sent to this neighbor.
Community attribute
Appears if the neighbor send-community command is configured for this neighbor.
Inbound path policy
Indicates if an inbound policy is configured.
Outbound path policy
Indicates if an outbound policy is configured.
mul-in
Name of inbound route map for the multicast address family.
mul-out
Name of outbound route map for the multicast address family.
accepted prefixes
Number of prefixes accepted.
Prefix advertised
Number of prefixes advertised.
suppressed
Number of prefixes suppressed.
withdrawn
Number of prefixes withdrawn.
Connections established
Number of times the router has established a TCP connection and the two peers have agreed to speak BGP with each other.
dropped
Number of times that a good connection has failed or been taken down.
Last reset
Elapsed time since this peering session was last reset.
Connection state
State of BGP peer.
unread input bytes
Number of bytes of packets still to be processed.
Local host, Local port
Peering address of local router, plus port.
Foreign host, Foreign port
Peering address of the neighbor.
Event Timers
Table displays the number of starts and wakeups for each timer.
iss
Initial send sequence number.
snduna
Last send sequence number the local host sent but has not received an acknowledgment for.
sndnxt
Sequence number the local host will send next.
sndwnd
TCP window size of the remote host.
irs
Initial receive sequence number.
rcvnxt
Last receive sequence number the local host has acknowledged.
rcvwnd
TCP window size of the local host.
delrecvwnd
Delayed receive window—data the local host has read from the connection, but has not yet subtracted from the receive window the host has advertised to the remote host. The value in this field gradually increases until it is larger than a full-sized packet, at which point it is applied to the rcvwnd field.
SRTT
A calculated smoothed round-trip timeout.
RTTO
Round-trip timeout.
RTV
Variance of the round-trip time.
KRTT
New round-trip timeout (using the Karn algorithm). This field separately tracks the round-trip time of packets that have been resent.
minRTT
Smallest recorded round-trip timeout (hard wire value used for calculation).
maxRTT
Largest recorded round-trip timeout.
ACK hold
Time the local host will delay an acknowledgment in order to piggyback data on it.
Flags
IP precedence of the BGP packets.
Datagrams: Rcvd
Number of update packets received from a neighbor.
with data
Number of update packets received with data.
total data bytes
Total bytes of data.
Sent
Number of update packets sent.
with data
Number of update packets with data sent.
total data bytes
Total number of data bytes.
The following is sample output from the show ip bgp neighbors command with the advertised-routes keyword in privileged EXEC mode:
Router# show ip bgp neighbors 172.16.232.178 advertised-routes
BGP table version is 27, local router ID is 172.16.232.181
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i110.0.0.0 172.16.232.179 0 100 0 ?
*> 200.2.2.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
The following is sample output from the show ip bgp neighbors command with the routes keyword in privileged EXEC mode:
Router# show ip bgp neighbors 172.16.232.178 routes
BGP table version is 27, local router ID is 172.16.232.181
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.0.0.0 172.16.232.178 40 0 10 ?
*> 20.0.0.0         172.16.232.178 40 0 10 ?
Table 2 describes the significant fields shown in the displays.

Table 2   show ip bgp neighbors advertised-routes and routes Field Descriptions

Field Description
BGP table version
Internal version number of the table. This number is incremented whenever the table changes.
local router ID
IP address of the router.
Status codes
Status of the table entry. The status is displayed at the beginning of each line in the table. It can be one of the following values:
s—The table entry is suppressed.
*—The table entry is valid.
>—The table entry is the best entry to use for that network.
i—The table entry was learned via an internal BGP (iBGP) session.
Origin codes
Origin of the entry. The origin code is placed at the end of each line in the table. It can be one of the following values:
i—Entry originated from Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) and was advertised with a network router configuration command.
e—Entry originated from Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP).
?—Origin of the path is not clear. Usually, this is a router that is redistributed into BGP from an IGP.
Network
IP address of a network entity.
Next Hop
IP address of the next system that is used when forwarding a packet to the destination network. An entry of 0.0.0.0 indicates that the router has some non-BGP routes to this network.
Metric
If shown, this is the value of the interautonomous system metric. This field is frequently not used.
LocPrf
Local preference value as set with the set local-preference route-map configuration command. The default value is 100.
Weight
Weight of the route as set via autonomous system filters.
Path
Autonomous system paths to the destination network. There can be one entry in this field for each autonomous system in the path.
The following is sample output from the show ip bgp neighbors command with the paths keyword in privileged EXEC mode:
Router# show ip bgp neighbors 171.69.232.178 paths ^10
Address Refcount Metric Path
0x60E577B0 2 40 10 ?
Table 3 describes the significant fields shown in the display.

Table 3   show ip bgp neighbors paths Field Descriptions

Field Description
Address
Internal address where the path is stored.
Refcount
Number of routes using that path.
Metric
The Multi Exit Discriminator (MED) metric for the path. (The name of this metric for BGP versions 2 and 3 is INTER_AS.)
Path
The autonomous system path for that route, followed by the origin code for that route.
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